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CCNA: TCP/IP Stack

June 05, 2024 , , ,

CCNA: TCP/IP Stack

TCP/IP Stack is the most widely used protocol stack. TCP/IP stack is a conceptual model consisting of network communication protocols. It provides end-to-end data communication. It specifies how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, and routed across the network.

TCP/IP stack has four layers – Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface. As shown in Figure it can be compared with the OSI layer –


CCNA: TCP/IP Stack

Figure 1: TCP/IP vs OSI Model

TCP/IP stack application layer is for user interaction, creating data, deciding the correct format (presentation layer), and managing the sessions (session layers).

The Transport layer of both the models maps directly. The main role of this layer is to maintain the flow and the error control. This establishes the direct end-to-end logical session between two devices. TCP/IP networks use TCP or UDP protocol at this layer.

This OSI layer Network and TCP/IP stack Internet layer perform the same function –route traffic across logical networks using logical addressing and paths. IPv4 and IPv6 are the protocols used at this layer.

The OSI Layer Data Link and Physical layer maps to the Network Interface layer of the TCP/IP stack. This layer includes protocols that relates to physical medium i.e. copper wires, fiber optics, and radio frequency. Ethernet and Wi-Fi are commonly used protocols on this layer.

I hope this small overview of the TCP/IP stack was informative!

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